I have a very, very old laptop with me. I don’t know the exact specs, but it has a single core celeron processor and 4GB of RAM. It’s an old little thing, maybe 15 years old.
I installed Debian on it with LXQT and it was chugging hard. I don’t expect it will run modern browsers anyways, so give me your best distros that can run on a potato and have a GUI.
So your HDD may be failing if debian is chugging at the desktop.
Try swapping it out with a cheap SSD.
Aside from Debian, you could experiment with the 32bit version of mint. https://www.linuxmint.com/
SSD is going to be the big performance boost here. Cheap now too.
If you want a GUI, Puppy Linux is for you:
https://puppylinux-woof-ce.github.io/Seconded, Puppy is super lightweight and easy to get on with, definitely worth a try.
I’ve got MX on a old EeePc and never had a problem.
That’s not a potato, that’s a fossil.
Arch with LXQT, maybe? Then you can choose to install specifically what you want with minimal overhead. Another option is the minimal version of NixOS, but like Arch, you’d need to install a DE separately, and you’d need to learn how to use Nix.
But if it’s still struggling, might be best as an art piece or command line only, given that a Raspberry Pi 4 and 5 can be had for <$100 and neither struggles with lighter DEs or browsers.
Have a try with BunsenLabs
I had a net top thing from asus that had worse specs than that running fine a few years ago on AntiX. It was just used as a thin client mostly but did the job.
Mmm Sandy Bridge or at least I hope so or that is closer to a 20 year old potato.
Is gaming the main use case? If so, I think the distro won’t be the biggest performance factor.
If gaming is not the case, I would ask myself this question: Is a desktop environment a must? Because you’d be surprised by how much you’re still able to do without one.
This thing definitely won’t be gaming, but I’d like to maybe play videos (probably at a low resolution) and mp3 files at least.
In that case I’d go for something very barebone. Get a minimalistic debian up and running, and see how that works. There are plenty of lightweight desktop environments (to the extent some of them count as desktop environments), where TWM is an extreme example.
you can always try a puppy distro! they’re super barebones and you can get them really lightweight, shouldn’t really have any problems with running something like one of the slackware-based pups or maybe an older debian pup. you can check it out here! https://forum.puppylinux.com/puppy-linux-collection