It depends on country. There were countries where indentured servitude was for entire life, except for cases when a landlord freed a serf or a serf bought own freedom. Landlords could buy, sell and judge serfs. Example: Russian Empire, where serfs had no rights.
Yes. Although it’s possible to learn programming without knowing English, English is required for those who wants to be good programmers. All documentation is in English, naming and comments should be in English too, otherwise it would be hard to maintain code for developers from other countries.